Oncotarget

Research Papers:

Characterization of urinary extracellular vesicle proteins in muscle-invasive bladder cancer

Christopher R. Silvers _, Hiroshi Miyamoto, Edward M. Messing, George J. Netto and Yi-Fen Lee

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Oncotarget. 2017; 8:91199-91208. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.20043

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Abstract

Christopher R. Silvers1, Hiroshi Miyamoto1,2,3, Edward M. Messing1, George J. Netto3 and Yi-Fen Lee1,2

1Department of Urology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA

2Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, USA

3Departments of Pathology and Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA

Correspondence to:

Yi-Fen Lee, email: [email protected]

Keywords: extracellular vesicles, exosomes, bladder cancer, proteomic, transaldolase

Received: January 10, 2017     Accepted: July 26, 2017     Published: August 08, 2017

ABSTRACT

The mechanisms of bladder cancer progression are unknown, and new treatments and biomarkers are needed. Patient urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) derive in part from bladder cancer cells and contain a specific protein cargo which may provide information about the disease. We conducted a proteomics study comparing EVs from the muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) cell line TCCSUP to EVs from normal urothelial line SVHUC. GO term analysis showed that TCCSUP EVs are enriched in proteins associated with the cell membrane, extracellular matrix, and inflammation and angiogenesis signaling pathways. Proteins characteristic of cancer EVs were further screened at the mRNA level in bladder cancer cell lines. In Western blots, three of six proteins examined showed greater than fifteenfold enrichment in patient urinary EVs compared to healthy volunteers (n = 6). Finally, we performed immunohistochemical staining of bladder tissue microarrays for three proteins of interest. One of them, transaldolase (TALDO1), is a nearly ubiquitous enzyme and normally thought to reside in the cytoplasm. To our surprise, nuclei were stained for transaldolase in 94% of MIBC tissue samples (n = 51). While cytoplasmic transaldolase was found in 89–90% of both normal urothelium (n = 79) and non-muscle-invasive samples (n = 71), the rate falls to 39% in MIBC samples (P < 0.001), and negative cytoplasmic staining was correlated with worse cancer-specific survival in MIBC patients (P = 0.008). The differential EV proteomics strategy reported here successfully identified a number of proteins associated with bladder cancer and points the way to future investigation.


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