Research Papers:
Volatile anaesthetics enhance the metastasis related cellular signalling including CXCR2 of ovarian cancer cells
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Abstract
Masae Iwasaki1,2,*, Hailin Zhao1,*, Tanweer Jaffer1, Sandeep Unwith1, Laura Benzonana1, Qingquan Lian3, Atsuhiro Sakamoto2, Daqing Ma1
1Anaesthetics, Pain Medicine and Intensive Care, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Chelsea & Westminster Hospital, London, UK
2Department of Anaesthesiology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
3Department of Anesthesiology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
*These authors have contributed equally to this work
Correspondence to:
Daqing Ma, e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords: isoflurane, ovarian cancer, tumour metastasis, CXCR2
Received: December 04, 2015 Accepted: March 06, 2016 Published: March 23, 2016
ABSTRACT
The majority of ovarian cancer patients relapse after surgical resection. Evidence is accumulating regarding the role of surgery in disseminating cancer cells; in particular anaesthesia may have an impact on cancer re-occurrence. Here, we have investigated the metastatic potential of volatile anaesthetics isoflurane, sevoflurane and desflurane on ovarian cancer cells.
Human ovarian carcinoma cells (SKOV3) were exposed to isoflurane (2%), sevoflurane (3.6%) or desflurane (10.3%) for 2 hours. Metastatic related gene expression profiles were measured using the Tumour Metastasis PCR Array and qRT-PCR. Subsequently vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGF-A), matrix metalloproteinase 11 (MMP11), transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) and chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 2 (CXCR2) proteins expression were determined using immunofluorescent staining. The migratory capacities of SK-OV3 cells were assessed with a scratch assay and the potential role of CXCR2 in mediating the effects of volatile anaesthetics on cancer cell biology were further investigated with CXCR2 knockdown by siRNA.
All three volatile anaesthetics altered expression of 70 out of 81 metastasic related genes with significant increases in VEGF-A, MMP-11, CXCR2 and TGF-β genes and protein expression with a magnitude order of desflurane (greatest), sevoflurane and isoflurane. Scratch analysis revealed that exposure to these anesthetics increased migration, which was abolished by CXCR2 knockdown.
Volatile anaesthetics at clinically relevant concentrations have strong effects on cancer cell biology which in turn could enhance ovarian cancer metastatic potential. This work raises the urgency for further in vivo studies and clinical trials before any conclusions can be made in term of the alteration of clinical practice.
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