The clinical value of aberrant epigenetic changes of DNA damage repair genes in human cancer

Dan Gao; James G. Herman; Mingzhou Guo

doi:10.18632/oncotarget.7949

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The clinical value of aberrant epigenetic changes of DNA damage repair genes in human cancer

Dan Gao _, James G. Herman and Mingzhou Guo

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Oncotarget. 2016; 7:37331-37346. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.7949

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Abstract

Dan Gao1,2, James G. Herman3, Mingzhou Guo1

1Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China

2Medical College of NanKai University, Tianjin, China

3The Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA, USA

Correspondence to:

Mingzhou Guo, e-mail: [email protected]

Keywords: DNA methylation, DNA damage repair, MGMT, synthetic lethality, PARP inhibitor

Received: November 15, 2015 Accepted: February 20, 2016 Published: March 07, 2016

ABSTRACT

The stability and integrity of the human genome are maintained by the DNA damage repair (DDR) system. Unrepaired DNA damage is a major source of potentially mutagenic lesions that drive carcinogenesis. In addition to gene mutation, DNA methylation occurs more frequently in DDR genes in human cancer. Thus, DNA methylation may play more important roles in DNA damage repair genes to drive carcinogenesis. Aberrant methylation patterns in DNA damage repair genes may serve as predictive, diagnostic, prognostic and chemosensitive markers of human cancer. MGMT methylation is a marker for poor prognosis in human glioma, while, MGMT methylation is a sensitive marker of glioma cells to alkylating agents. Aberrant epigenetic changes in DNA damage repair genes may serve as therapeutic targets. Treatment of MLH1-methylated colon cancer cell lines with the demethylating agent 5’-aza-2’-deoxycytidine induces the expression of MLH1 and sensitizes cancer cells to 5-fluorouracil. Synthetic lethality is a more exciting approach in patients with DDR defects. PARP inhibitors are the most effective anticancer reagents in BRCA-deficient cancer cells.

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The clinical value of aberrant epigenetic changes of DNA damage repair genes in human cancer

Abstract