Research Papers:
Tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ stimulate MUC16 (CA125) expression in breast, endometrial and ovarian cancers through NFκB
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Abstract
Micaela Morgado1, Margie N. Sutton2,3, Mary Simmons2, Curtis R. Warren4, Zhen Lu2, Pamela E. Constantinou1, Jinsong Liu5, Lewis LW. Francis7, R. Steven Conlan7, Robert C. Bast Jr2, Daniel D. Carson1,6
1Department of BioSciences, Wiess School of Natural Sciences, Rice University, Houston, TX 77251, USA
2Department of Experimental Therapeutics, Division of Cancer Medicine, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
3The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
4Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
5Department of Pathology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
6Department of Genetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX 77030, USA
7Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, Wales, UK
Correspondence to:
Daniel D. Carson, e-mail: [email protected]
Keywords: MUC16, CA125, cytokine, NFκB, cancer
Received: July 23, 2015 Accepted: January 31, 2016 Published: February 24, 2016
ABSTRACT
Transmembrane mucins (TMs) are restricted to the apical surface of normal epithelia. In cancer, TMs not only are over-expressed, but also lose polarized distribution. MUC16/CA125 is a high molecular weight TM carrying the CA125 epitope, a well-known molecular marker for human cancers. MUC16 mRNA and protein expression was mildly stimulated by low concentrations of TNFα (2.5 ng/ml) or IFNγ (20 IU/ml) when used alone; however, combined treatment with both cytokines resulted in a moderate (3-fold or less) to large (> 10-fold) stimulation of MUC16 mRNA and protein expression in a variety of cancer cell types indicating that this may be a general response. Human cancer tissue microarray analysis indicated that MUC16 expression directly correlates with TNFα and IFNγ staining intensities in certain cancers. We show that NFκB is an important mediator of cytokine stimulation of MUC16 since siRNA-mediated knockdown of NFκB/p65 greatly reduced cytokine responsiveness. Finally, we demonstrate that the 250 bp proximal promoter region of MUC16 contains an NFκB binding site that accounts for a large portion of the TNFα response. Developing methods to manipulate MUC16 expression could provide new approaches to treating cancers whose growth or metastasis is characterized by elevated levels of TMs, including MUC16.
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