Oncotarget

Reviews:

Going viral: a review of replication-selective oncolytic adenoviruses

Christopher Larson, Bryan Oronsky _, Jan Scicinski, Gary R. Fanger, Meaghan Stirn, Arnold Oronsky and Tony R. Reid

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Oncotarget. 2015; 6:19976-19989. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.5116

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Abstract

Christopher Larson1, Bryan Oronsky2, Jan Scicinski2, Gary R. Fanger2, Meaghan Stirn1, Arnold Oronsky3 and Tony R. Reid1

1 University of California at San Diego (UCSD), Moores Cancer Center, La Jolla, CA, USA

2 EpicentRx, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA

3 InterWest Partners, Menlo Park, CA, USA

Correspondence to:

Bryan Oronsky, email:

Keywords: oncology, immunotherapy, oncolytic virus, adenovirus

Received: May 15, 2015 Accepted: July 09, 2015 Published: August 07, 2015

Abstract

Oncolytic viruses have had a tumultuous course, from the initial anecdotal reports of patients having antineoplastic effects after natural viral infections a century ago to the development of current cutting-edge therapies in clinical trials. Adenoviruses have long been the workhorse of virotherapy, and we review both the scientific and the not-so-scientific forces that have shaped the development of these therapeutics from wild-type viral pathogens, turning an old foe into a new friend. After a brief review of the mechanics of viral replication and how it has been modified to engineer tumor selectivity, we give particular attention to ONYX-015, the forerunner of virotherapy with extensive clinical testing that pioneered the field. The findings from those as well as other oncolytic trials have shaped how we now view these viruses, which our immune system has evolved to vigorously attack, as promising immunotherapy agents.


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