Research Papers:
EBV-LMP1 targeted DNAzyme enhances radiosensitivity by inhibiting tumor angiogenesis via the JNKs/HIF-1 pathway in nasopharyngeal carcinoma
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Abstract
Lifang Yang1,2,*, Liyu Liu1,*, Zhijie Xu1, Weihua Liao3, Deyun Feng4, Xin Dong1, San Xu1, Lanbo Xiao1, Jingchen Lu1, Xiangjian Luo1, Min Tang1, Ann M. Bode5, Zigang Dong5, Lunquan Sun2 and Ya Cao1
1 Cancer Research Institute, Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Education, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
2 Center for Molecular Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
3 Department of Radiology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
4 Department of Pathology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
5 The Hormel Institute, University of Minnesota, Austin, MN, USA
* These authors contributed equally to this work
Correspondence to:
Ya Cao, email:
Lunquan Sun, email:
Keywords: LMP1, DNAzyme, radiosensitivity, JNK, angiogenesis
Received: August 19, 2014 Accepted: January 03, 2015 Published: January 21, 2015
Abstract
LMP1, which is encoded by the Epstein-Barr virus, is proposed to be one of the major oncogenic factors involved in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Previous studies demonstrated that down-regulation of LMP1 by LMP1-targeted DNAzyme (DZ1) increases the radiosensitivity of NPC. However, the mechanism by which DZ1 contributes to this radiosensitivity remains unclear. In this study, we determined whether a DZ1 blockade of LMP1 expression has an overall positive effect on the radiotherapy of NPCs by repressing HIF-1/VEGF activity and to investigate the mechanisms underlying LMP1-induced HIF-1 activation in NPC cells. The results showed that DZ1 inhibited the microtubule-forming ability of HUVECs co-cultured with NPC cells, which occurs with the down-regulation of VEGF expression and secretion. Moreover, LMP1 increases phosphorylated JNKs/c-Jun signaling, which is involved in the regulation of HIF-1/VEGF activity. After silencing LMP1 and decreasing phosphorylation of JNKs, NPC cells exhibited an enhanced radiosensitivity. Furthermore, in vivo experiments revealed a significant inhibition of tumor growth and a marked reduction of the Ktrans parameter, which reflects the condition of tumor micro-vascular permeability. Taken together, our data suggested that VEGF expression is increased by LMP1 through the JNKs/c-Jun signaling pathway and indicated that DZ1 enhances the radiosensitivity of NPC cells by inhibiting HIF-1/VEGF activity.
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