Oncotarget

Research Papers:

Prognostic and predictive factors associated with ipilimumab-related adverse events: a retrospective analysis of 11 NCI-sponsored phase I clinical trials

Aman Chauhan _, Tanvir Kabir, Jianrong Wu, Jing Wei, Mary Cook and Charles A. Kunos

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Oncotarget. 2020; 11:1427-1434. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.27537

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Abstract

Aman Chauhan1, Tanvir Kabir2, Jianrong Wu3, Jing Wei4, Mary Cook1 and Charles A. Kunos5

1 Division of Medical Oncology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA

2 College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA

3 Markey Cancer Center, Biostatistics and Bioinformatics Shared Resource Facility, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA

4 Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA

5 Cancer Therapy Evaluation Program, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA

Correspondence to:

Aman Chauhan,email: [email protected]

Keywords: immunotherapy; toxicity; co-administered agents; metastatic melanoma; immune checkpoint inhibitors

Received: December 16, 2019     Accepted: March 14, 2020     Published: April 21, 2020

ABSTRACT

Background: We review factors impacting ipilimumab-associated adverse events through the experience from National Cancer Institute (NCI)-sponsored phase I immunotherapy clinical trials.

Materials and Methods: Attributable ipilimumab-related adverse events from NCI-sponsored phase I immunotherapy clinical trials were queried retrospectively by anonymized patient experience reports for observed adverse events like decreased hematological cell counts, blood electrolytes or proteins, or reduced patient performance status. The prevalence of ipilimumab-related toxicity was associated by patient to the duration of ipilimumab exposure, radiographic responses, progression-free survival, and overall survival.

Results: 373 patients from 11 phase 1 ipilimumab clinical trials were analyzed. Patients experiencing at least one grade 3 or 4 adverse event associated with observed radiographic response were included. The average number of grade 3/4 adverse events in responders was 1.167 versus 0.645 in non-responders (p = 0.001). Patient performance status did not significantly impact observed toxicity grade. Pretherapy lymphocyte count or chemistries were not associated with ipilimumab-associated toxicity. The number of agents combined with ipilimumab on trial was associated with average number of grade 3/4 toxicities–ipilimumab monotherapy (0.631) versus ipilimumab + 1 agent (0.877) versus ipilimumab + 2 agents (1.408) (p = 0.014). Number of low grade (grade 1/2) toxicities was associated with duration of treatment, Pearson correlation coefficient r = 0.456 (p < 0.0001); whereas the number of high grade (grade 3/4) toxicities was not, r = 0.032 (p = 0.546).

Conclusions: Ipilimumab-attributed grade 3/4 toxicity was associated with therapeutic response. The number of co-administered agents added to ipilimumab significantly raised the likelihood of toxicity. Extended duration of treatment increased the incidence of low but not high-grade toxicity.


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