Oncotarget

Research Papers:

Time to progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer after commencing combined androgen blockade for advanced hormone-sensitive prostate cancer

Satoshi Tamada _, Taro Iguchi, Minoru Kato, Jumpei Asakawa, Kazuaki Kita, Sayaka Yasuda, Takeshi Yamasaki, Yudai Matsuoka, Kazuyuki Yamaguchi, Kentaro Matsumura, Ishun Go, Tetsuji Ohmachi and Tatsuya Nakatani

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Oncotarget. 2018; 9:36966-36974. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.26426

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Abstract

Satoshi Tamada1, Taro Iguchi1, Minoru Kato1, Jumpei Asakawa1, Kazuaki Kita1, Sayaka Yasuda1, Takeshi Yamasaki1, Yudai Matsuoka2, Kazuyuki Yamaguchi2, Kentaro Matsumura2, Ishun Go2, Tetsuji Ohmachi2 and Tatsuya Nakatani1

1Department of Urology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Abeno-ku, Osaka 545–8585, Japan

2Department of Urology, Bell Land General Hospital, Naka-ku, Sakai City, Osaka 599–8247, Japan

Correspondence to:

Satoshi Tamada, email: [email protected]

Keywords: castration-resistant prostate cancer; combined androgen blockade; hormone-sensitive prostate cancer; progression; survival

Received: September 19, 2018     Accepted: November 26, 2018     Published: December 11, 2018

ABSTRACT

Purpose: The aim of our retrospective study was to determine the time to progression to castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) in prostate cancer patients who undergo combined androgen blockade (CAB), as well as their prognoses.

Materials and Methods: We examined the overall survival (OS) and disease-specific survival rates, as well as the time to CRPC development, in 387 patients who were treated with CAB for prostate cancer. The disease-specific survival rate and time to CRPC were stratified by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels, Gleason score (GS), and presence of metastasis at diagnosis. We designated high-risk patients as those satisfying at least two of the following three criteria: extent of disease of bone metastasis grade ≥2, presence of metastasis at diagnosis, and a GS ≥8.

Results: The 10- and 15-year OS rates were 74.0% and 50.4%, respectively, while the corresponding disease-specific survival rates were both 86.8%. Metastasis at diagnosis was an independent prognostic factor for disease-specific survival. The median time to CRPC development was 140.7 months. A PSA level ≥20 ng/mL, a GS ≥8, and the presence of metastasis at diagnosis were independent predictors of a shorter time to CRPC development. The 10-year disease-specific survival rate in the high-risk group was significantly lower than that in the low-risk group (approximately 74% vs. 98%), and the time to CRPC development was significantly shorter (median: 20.5 months vs. not reached).

Conclusions: The time to CRPC development was shorter in high-risk prostate cancer patients with metastases. Such patients require alternative novel treatment modalities.


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