Research Papers:
HIV-1 integrase strand-transfer inhibitor resistance in southern Taiwan
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Abstract
Hung-Chin Tsai1,2,3, I-Tzu Chen1, Kuan-Sheng Wu1,2, Yu-Ting Tseng1, Cheng-Len Sy1, Jui-Kuang Chen1, Susan Shin-Jung Lee1,2 and Yao-Shen Chen1,2
1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
2Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
3Department of Parasitology, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
Correspondence to:
Hung-Chin Tsai, email: [email protected]
Keywords: HIV; treatment naïve; drug resistance
Received: June 06, 2017 Accepted: March 11, 2018 Published: May 18, 2018
ABSTRACT
The use of antiretroviral therapy has reduced rates of mortality and morbidity in patients with human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome(HIV/AIDS). However, transmission of drug-resistant strains poses a challenge to control the spread of HIV-1. Primary resistance to integrase strand-transfer inhibitors (INSTIs) is rare despite their increased use. The prevalence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) to INSTIs was 0.9% in northern Taiwan. This study was to analyse the prevalence and risk factors of TDR to INSTIs in southern Taiwan. In this study, we enrolled antiretroviral treatment-naïve HIV-1-infected subjects who underwent voluntary counselling and testing from 2013 to 2016 in southern Taiwan. Genotypic drug resistance, coreceptor tropism (CRT) and INSTI resistance were determined. Logistic regression was used to analyse the risk factors for INSTI polymorphic substitution. Sequences were obtained from 184 consecutive individuals, of whom 96.7% were men who have sex with men and 3.3% were heterosexual. Of the patients, 10% (19/183) had hepatitis B and 33.3% (61/183) had syphilis infection. Subtype B HIV-1 strains were found in 96.1% of the patients. Fifteen patients (8.4%, 15/178) harboured nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors or protease inhibitors resistance. CCR-5 coreceptors were used by 71.4% (130/184) of the patients. None of the patients had INSTI resistance-associated mutations, however 16 patients had INSTI polymorphic substitutions, and they were associated with a higher HIV viral load (p = 0.03, OR 2.4, CI 1.1–5.3) and syphilis infection (p = 0.03, OR 3.7, CI 1.1–12.0). In conclusion, no signature INSTI resistance-associated mutations were detected in our cohort. Continued monitoring of TDR to INSTI is needed due to the increased use of INSTIs.
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