Case Reports:
Immune checkpoint inhibitors in large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma: current status
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Aman Chauhan1, Susanne M. Arnold1, Jill Kolesar1, Hala Elnakat Thomas2, Mark Evers1 and Lowell Anthony1
1Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA
2University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
Correspondence to:
Aman Chauhan, email: [email protected]
Keywords: large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma; high grade neuroendocrine carcinoma; immune checkpoint inhibitors
Received: December 23, 2017 Accepted: February 13, 2018 Epub: February 22, 2018 Published: March 06, 2018
ABSTRACT
Introduction: Large cell neuroendocrine carcinomas (LCNEC) are a group of rare high grade neuroendocrine tumors that often behave clinically like small cell carcinoma (SCLC) and are treated as such. No major advancement in the management of these tumors has occurred in the last 30 years.
Methods: We present a case series of three cases from Markey Cancer center along with a review of 13 published cases in the literature wherein immune-checkpoint inhibitors were utilized in the management of LCNEC.
Results: Immune-checkpoint inhibitors might have clinical activity in LCNEC.
Conclusion: Role of immune-checkpoint inhibitors should be explored in prospective LCNEC clinical trials. We summarize current evidence regarding use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in the treatment of LCNEC.