Research Papers:
Pharmacological treatment with inhibitors of nuclear export enhances the antitumor activity of docetaxel in human prostate cancer
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Abstract
Giovanni Luca Gravina1,2, Andrea Mancini1, Alessandro Colapietro1, Francesco Marampon1, Roberta Sferra3, Simona Pompili3, Leda Assunta Biordi4, Roberto Iorio5, Vincenzo Flati4, Christian Argueta6, Yosef Landesman6, Michael Kauffman6, Sharon Shacham6 and Claudio Festuccia1
1Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Laboratory of Radiobiology, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
2Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Radiotherapy, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
3Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Human Anatomy, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
4Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Pathology, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
5Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, Division of Applied Biology, University of L’Aquila, L’Aquila, Italy
6Karyopharm Therapeutics, Newton, MA, USA
Correspondence to:
Claudio Festuccia, email: [email protected]
Keywords: castration resistant prostate cancer (CrPCa); chromosome region maintenance (CRM-1); exportin-1 (XPO-1); selective inhibitors of nuclear export (SINE); docetaxel (DTX)
Received: June 29, 2017 Accepted: November 13, 2017 Published: November 30, 2017
ABSTRACT
Background and aims: Docetaxel (DTX) modestly increases patient survival of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) due to insurgence of pharmacological resistance. Deregulation of Chromosome Region Maintenance (CRM-1)/ exportin-1 (XPO-1)-mediated nuclear export may play a crucial role in this phenomenon.
Material and methods: Here, we evaluated the effects of two Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export (SINE) compounds, selinexor (KPT-330) and KPT-251, in association with DTX by using 22rv1, PC3 and DU145 cell lines with their. DTX resistant derivatives.
Results and conclusions: We show that DTX resistance may involve overexpression of β-III tubulin (TUBB3) and P-glycoprotein as well as increased cytoplasmic accumulation of Foxo3a. Increased levels of XPO-1 were also observed in DTX resistant cells suggesting that SINE compounds may modulate DTX effectiveness in sensitive cells as well as restore the sensitivity to DTX in resistant ones. Pretreatment with SINE compounds, indeed, sensitized to DTX through increased tumor shrinkage and apoptosis by preventing DTX-induced cell cycle arrest. Basally SINE compounds induce FOXO3a activation and nuclear accumulation increasing the expression of FOXO-responsive genes including p21, p27 and Bim causing cell cycle arrest. SINE compounds-catenin and survivin supporting apoptosis. βdown-regulated Cyclin D1, c-myc, Nuclear sequestration of p-Foxo3a was able to reduce ABCB1 and TUBB3 H2AX levels, prolonged γ expression. Selinexor treatment increased DTX-mediated double strand breaks (DSB), and reduced the levels of DNA repairing proteins including DNA PKc and Topo2A. Our results provide supportive evidence for the therapeutic use of SINE compounds in combination with DTX suggesting their clinical use in mCRPC patients.
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