Oncotarget

Research Papers:

EGF stimulates glioblastoma metastasis by induction of matrix metalloproteinase-9 in an EGFR-dependent mechanism

Xing-Chen Chen, Xiang-Tai Wei, Jun-Hong Guan, Hong Shu and Duo Chen _

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Oncotarget. 2017; 8:65969-65982. https://doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.19622

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Abstract

Xing-Chen Chen1, Xiang-Tai Wei1, Jun-Hong Guan1, Hong Shu1 and Duo Chen1

1Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, P. R. China

Correspondence to:

Duo Chen, email: [email protected]

Keywords: glioblastoma, epithelial growth factor, epithelial growth factor receptor, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3/5, matrix metalloproteinase-9

Received: February 20, 2017     Accepted: June 30, 2017     Published: July 27, 2017

ABSTRACT

Epidermal growth factor (EGF) and EGF receptor (EGFR) play prominent roles in the metastasis of glioblastoma (GBM). However, the molecular mechanisms for the function of EGF and EGFR in GBM metastasis have not been elucidated. Herein, we demonstrate that coactivation of EGF and EGFR drives tumor metastasis in a matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)–dependent manner. Expression levels of EGF, EGFR, and MMP-9 were substantially upregulated in the GBM and edema zones of patients, compared with those of paired unaffected participants. Secretion of EGF and MMP-9 was reduced in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) after removing GBM for 2 weeks by operation. To the mechanism, MMP-9 was upregulated by activating EGF and EGFR via PI3K/AKT- and ERK1/2-dependent pathways. Moreover, signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) 3 and STAT5 mediated the activation of NF-κB by PI3K/AKT and ERK1/2 pathways. This resulted in transactivation of MMP-9 in GBM. Finally, MMP-9 induction facilitated abnormal proliferation, migration, and invasion of cells, which contributed to GBM metastasis.


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PII: 19622