Reviews:
B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma: new insights into genetics, molecular aberrations, subclassification and targeted therapy
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Abstract
Xiaohui Zhang1, Prerna Rastogi2, Bijal Shah3 and Ling Zhang1
1Department of Hematopathology and Laboratory Medicine, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
2Department of Pathology, University of Iowa College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
3Department of Hematological Malignancies, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, Florida, USA
Correspondence to:
Xiaohui Zhang, email: [email protected]
Ling Zhang, email: [email protected]
Keywords: B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma, molecular biology, genetics, prognostic markers, predictive markers
Received: February 09, 2017 Accepted: May 07, 2017 Published: July 15, 2017
ABSTRACT
B lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma (B-ALL) is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell neoplasm derived from B-cell progenitors, which mostly occurs in children and adolescents and is regarded as one of top leading causes of death related to malignancies in this population. Despite the majority of patients with B-ALL have fairly good response to conventional chemotherapeutic interventions followed by hematopoietic stem cell transplant for the last decades, a subpopulation of patients show chemo-resistance and a high relapse rate. Adult B-ALL exhibits similar clinical course but worse prognosis in comparison to younger individuals. Ample evidences have shown that the clinical behavior, response rate and clinical outcome of B-ALL rely largely on its genetic and molecular profiles, such as the presence of BCR-ABL1 fusion gene which is an independent negative prognostic predictor. New B-ALL subtypes have been recognized with recurrent genetic abnormalities, including B-ALL with intrachromosomal amplification of chromosome 21 (iAMP21), B-ALL with translocations involving tyrosine kinases or cytokine receptors (“BCR-ABL1-like ALL”). Genome-wide genetic profiling studies on B-ALL have extended our understanding of genomic landscape of B-ALL, and genetic mutations involved in various key pathways have been illustrated. These include CRLF2 and PAX5 alterations, TP53, CREBBP and ERG mutations, characteristic genetic aberrations in BCR-ABL1-like B-ALL and others. The review further provides new insights into clinical implication of the genetic aberrations in regard to targeted therapy development.
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