Research Papers:
Cytokine-mediated activation of human ex vivo-expanded Vγ9Vδ2 T cells
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Abstract
Eisuke Domae1, Yuya Hirai2, Takashi Ikeo1, Seiji Goda3 and Yoji Shimizu4
1Department of Biochemistry, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka 5731121, Japan
2Department of Biology, Osaka Dental University, Hirakata, Osaka 5731121, Japan
3Department of Oral Science, Graduate School of Dentistry, Kanagawa Dental University, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 2388580, Japan
4Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Immunology, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
Correspondence to:
Eisuke Domae, email: [email protected]
Keywords: γδ T cells, IL-12/IL-18, IκBζ, STAT4, NF-κB p65
Received: May 20, 2016 Accepted: April 07, 2017 Published: April 28, 2017
ABSTRACT
Vγ9Vδ2 T cells, the major subset of the human peripheral blood γδ T-cell, respond to microbial infection and stressed cells through the recognition of phosphoantigens. In contrast to the growing knowledge of antigen-mediated activation mechanisms, the antigen-independent and cytokine-mediated activation mechanisms of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells are poorly understood. Here, we show that interleukin (IL) -12 and IL-18 synergize to activate human ex vivo-expanded Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Vγ9Vδ2 T cells treated with IL-12 and IL-18 enhanced effector functions, including the expression of IFN-γ and granzyme B, and cytotoxicity. These enhanced effector responses following IL-12 and IL-18 treatment were associated with homotypic aggregation, enhanced expression of ICAM-1 and decreased expression of the B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator (BTLA), a co-inhibitory receptor. IL-12 and IL-18 also induced the antigen-independent proliferation of Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Increased expression of IκBζ, IL-12Rβ2 and IL-18Rα following IL-12 and IL-18 stimulation resulted in sustained activation of STAT4 and NF-κB. The enhanced production of IFN-γ and cytotoxic activity are critical for cancer immunotherapy using Vγ9Vδ2 T cells. Thus, the combined treatment of ex vivo-expanded Vγ9Vδ2 T cells with IL-12 and IL-18 may serve as a new strategy for the therapeutic activation of these cells.
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