Research Papers:
Preclinical development of G1T38: A novel, potent and selective inhibitor of cyclin dependent kinases 4/6 for use as an oral antineoplastic in patients with CDK4/6 sensitive tumors
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Abstract
John E. Bisi1,*, Jessica A. Sorrentino1,*, Jamie L. Jordan2, David D. Darr2, Patrick J. Roberts1, Francis X. Tavares3 and Jay C. Strum1
1G1 Therapeutics, Preclinical Research and Development, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, USA
2University of North Carolina, MP1U, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
3ChemoGenics BioPharma, Department of Chemistry Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina, USA
*These authors have contributed equally to this work
Correspondence to:
Jay C. Strum, email: [email protected]
Keywords: G1T38, CDK4/6, cyclin dependent kinase inhibitor, NSCLC, ER+ breast cancer
Received: December 01, 2016 Accepted: February 07, 2017 Published: March 15, 2017
ABSTRACT
Inhibition of the p16INK4a/cyclin D/CDK4/6/RB pathway is an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of estrogen receptor positive (ER+) breast cancer. Although efficacious, current treatment regimens require a dosing holiday due to severe neutropenia potentially leading to an increased risk of infections, as well as tumor regrowth and emergence of drug resistance. Therefore, a next generation CDK4/6 inhibitor that can inhibit proliferation of CDK4/6-dependent tumors while minimizing neutropenia could reduce both the need for treatment holidays and the risk of inducing drug resistance.
Here, we describe the preclinical characterization and development of G1T38; a novel, potent, selective, and orally bioavailable CDK4/6 inhibitor. In vitro, G1T38 decreased RB1 (RB) phosphorylation, caused a precise G1 arrest, and inhibited cell proliferation in a variety of CDK4/6-dependent tumorigenic cell lines including breast, melanoma, leukemia, and lymphoma cells. In vivo, G1T38 treatment led to equivalent or improved tumor efficacy compared to the first-in-class CDK4/6 inhibitor, palbociclib, in an ER+ breast cancer xenograft model. Furthermore, G1T38 accumulated in mouse xenograft tumors but not plasma, resulting in less inhibition of mouse myeloid progenitors than after palbociclib treatment. In larger mammals, this difference in pharmacokinetics allowed for 28 day continuous dosing of G1T38 in beagle dogs without producing severe neutropenia. These data demonstrate G1T38 has unique pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic properties, which result in high efficacy against CDK4/6 dependent tumors while minimizing the undesirable on-target bone marrow activity, thus potentially allowing G1T38 to be used as a continuous, daily oral antineoplastic agent.
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