Research Papers:
HIF1α regulates single differentiated glioma cell dedifferentiation to stem-like cell phenotypes with high tumorigenic potential under hypoxia
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Abstract
Pan Wang1, Chuan Lan1, Shuanglong Xiong2, Xiuwen Zhao1, You’an Shan1, Rong Hu1, Wenwu Wan1, Shuangjiang Yu1, Bin Liao1, Guangzhi Li1, Junwei Wang1, Dewei Zou1, Bing Chen3, Hua Feng1, Nan Wu1
1Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
2Department of Oncology, Cancer Hospital, Chongqing 400030, China
3Department of Neurosurgery, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
Correspondence to:
Nan Wu, email: [email protected]
Keywords: glioblastoma multiforme, hypoxia, dedifferentiation, glioma stem cell, HIF1α
Received: April 10, 2016 Accepted: February 20, 2017 Published: March 03, 2017
ABSTRACT
The standard treatment for Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is surgical resection and subsequent radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Surgical resection of GBM is typically restricted because of its invasive growth, which results in residual tumor cells including glioma stem cells (GSCs) and differentiated cells. Recurrence has been previously thought to occur as a result of these GSCs, and hypoxic microenvironment maintains the GSCs stemness also plays an important role. Summarizing traditional studies and we find many researchers ignored the influence of hypoxia on differentiated cells. We hypothesized that the residual differentiated cells may be dedifferentiated to GSC-like cells under hypoxia and play a crucial role in the rapid, high-frequency recurrence of GBM. Therefore, isolated CD133–CD15–NESTIN– cells were prepared as single-cell culture and treated with hypoxia. More than 95% of the surviving single differentiated CD133–CD15–NESTIN– cell dedifferentiated into tumorigenic CD133+CD15+NESTIN+ GSCs, and this process was regulated by hypoxia inducible factor-1α. Moreover, the serum also played an important role in this dedifferentiation. These findings challenge the traditional glioma cell heterogeneity model, cell division model and glioma malignancy development model. Our study also highlights the mechanism of GBM recurrence and the importance of anti-hypoxia therapy. In addition to GSCs, residual differentiated tumor cells also substantially contribute to treatment resistance and the rapid, high recurrence of GBM.
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