Reviews:
Brain metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma: recent advances and future avenues
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Abstract
Shanshan Wang1,*, Anqiang Wang1,*, Jianzhen Lin1,*, Yuan Xie1, Liangcai Wu1, Hanchun Huang1, Jin Bian1, Xiaobo Yang1, Xueshuai Wan1, Haitao Zhao1,2 and Jiefu Huang1
1 Department of Liver Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
2 Center of Translational Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
* These authors have contributed equally to this work
Correspondence to:
Haitao Zhao, email:
Jiefu Huang, email:
Keywords: brain metastases, hepatocellular carcinoma, radiotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy
Received: November 21, 2016 Accepted: February 07, 2017 Published: February 25, 2017
Abstract
The incidence of brain metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma (BMHCC) is becoming more frequent than that of the past as a result of prolonged survival of patients with HCC. Compared with brain metastases from other types of cancer, BMHCC tends to exhibit a high incidence of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and poor liver function. Unfortunately, the prognosis is extremely poor for patients with BMHCC owing to the limited treatment selection. Currently, optimal treatment requires multidisciplinary approaches including surgery, whole-brain radiation therapy and stereotactic radiosurgery. Besides these traditional approaches, novel treatments such as target therapy and immunotherapy provide an opportunity to improve the survival of these patients. This review provides an overview of the incidence, characteristics, prognosis, and current and potential future management strategies for BMHCC.
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