Research Papers:
The varied distribution and impact of RAS codon and other key DNA alterations across the translocation cyclin D subgroups in multiple myeloma
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Abstract
Caleb K. Stein1, Charlotte Pawlyn2, Shweta Chavan1, Leo Rasche1, Niels Weinhold1, Adam Corken1, Amy Buros1, Pieter Sonneveld3, Graham H. Jackson4, Ola Landgren5, Tariq Mughal6,7, Jie He6, Bart Barlogie1, P. Leif Bergsagel8, Faith E. Davies1, Brian A. Walker1, Gareth J. Morgan1
1The Myeloma Institute, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, Arkansas, USA
2The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
3Eramus University, Rotterdam, NL
4Department of Haematology, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
5Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York, USA
6FoundationOne Medicine, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
7Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
8Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, Arizona, USA
Correspondence to:
Caleb K. Stein, email: [email protected]
Keywords: multiple myeloma, gene expression profiling, mutational analysis, translocation cyclin D (TC)
Received: January 13, 2017 Accepted: February 15, 2017 Published: February 24, 2017
ABSTRACT
We examined a set of 805 cases that underwent DNA sequencing using the FoundationOne Heme (F1H) targeted sequencing panel and gene expression profiling. Known and likely variant calls from the mutational data were analyzed for significant associations with gene expression defined translocation cyclin D (TC) molecular subgroups. The spectrum of KRAS, NRAS, and BRAF codon mutations varied across subgroups with NRAS mutations at Q61 codon being common in hyperdiploid (HRD) and t(11;14) myeloma while being rare in MMSET and MAF. In addition, the presence of RAS-RAF mutations was inversely associated with NFκB pathway activation in all subgroups excluding MAF. In the MMSET subgroup, cases with low FGFR3 expression frequently had RAS-RAF mutations. Conditional inference tree analysis determined that mutation and homozygous deletion of TP53, CDKN2C, and RB1 were key prognostic factors associated with adverse outcome in a non-relapse clinical setting. In conclusion, this study highlights the heterogeneity in the distribution and clinical outcomes of RAS codon and other mutations in multiple myeloma dependent upon primary molecular subgroup.
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