Reviews:
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition in prostate cancer: an overview
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Abstract
Micaela Montanari1,2, Sabrina Rossetti1, Carla Cavaliere1,3, Carmine D’Aniello1,4, Maria Gabriella Malzone1,5, Daniela Vanacore1, Rossella Di Franco1,6, Elvira La Mantia1,5, Gelsomina Iovane1,7, Raffaele Piscitelli1, Raffaele Muscariello8, Massimiliano Berretta9, Sisto Perdonà8, Paolo Muto6, Gerardo Botti5,10, Attilio Antonio Montano Bianchi11, Bianca Maria Veneziani2 and Gaetano Facchini1,7
1 Progetto ONCONET2.0, Linea Progettuale 14 per L’implementazione della Prevenzione e Diagnosi Precoce del Tumore alla Prostata e Testicolo, Regione Campania, Italy
2 Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnologies, University of Naples “Federico II”, Naples, Italy
3 Department of Onco-Ematology Medical Oncology, S.G. Moscati Hospital of Taranto, Taranto, Italy
4 Division of Medical Oncology, A.O.R.N. dei COLLI “Ospedali Monaldi-Cotugno-CTO”, Naples, Italy
5 Pathology Unit, Istituto Nazionale Tumori “Fondazione G. Pascale”, IRCCS, Naples, Italy
6 Radiation Oncology, Istituto Nazionale per lo Studio e la Cura dei Tumori ‘Fondazione Giovanni Pascale’, IRCCS, Naples, Italy
7 Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology, Division of Medical Oncology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, IRCCS, Naples, Italy
8 Department of Uro-Gynaecological Oncology, Division of Urology, Istituto Nazionale Tumori ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, IRCCS, Naples, Italy
9 Department of Medical Oncology, CRO Aviano, National Cancer Institute, Aviano, Italy
10 Scientific Directorate, Istituto Nazionale Tumori ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, IRCCS, Naples, Italy
11 Directorate-General for Management, Istituto Nazionale Tumori ‘Fondazione G. Pascale’, IRCCS, Naples, Italy
Correspondence to:
Micaela Montanari, email:
Keywords: prostate cancer; epithelial-mesenchymal transition; androgen receptor; TGF-β signaling; EGF/EGFR
Received: November 10, 2016 Accepted: February 15, 2017 Published: February 25, 2017
Abstract
Prostate cancer is a main urological disease associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Radical prostatectomy and radiotherapy are potentially curative for localized prostate cancer, while androgen deprivation therapy is the initial systemic therapy for metastatic prostate disease. However, despite temporary response, most patients relapse and evolve into castration resistant cancer.
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a complex gradual process that occurs during embryonic development and/or tumor progression. During this process, cells lose their epithelial characteristics and acquire mesenchymal features. Increasing evidences indicate that EMT promotes prostate cancer metastatic progression and it is closely correlated with increased stemness and drug resistance.
In this review, we discuss the main molecular events that directly or indirectly govern the EMT program in prostate cancer, in order to better define the role and the mechanisms underlying this process in prostate cancer progression and therapeutic resistance.
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PII: 15686