Collagen XVII/laminin-5 activates epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and is associated with poor prognosis in lung cancer

Abstract

Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is associated with tumor metastasis and tumorigenesis in lung cancer stem-like cells (CSCs). However, the exact mechanism underlying this is not clear. We used microarray analysis to identify candidate genes responsible for EMT in spheroid and monolayer cultures of lung cancer cells. We found increased expression of a variety of adhesion molecules in CSCs. One of these molecules, Collagen XVII (Col XVII), was demonstrated to be required for maintenance of EMT phenotypes and metastasis ability in lung CSCs. We showed that Col XVII stabilized laminin-5 to activate the FAK/AKT/GSK3β pathway, thereby suppressing Snail ubiquitination-degradation. The function of Col XVII was mainly dependent on shedding by ADAM9 and ADAM10. Patients who underwent surgical resection for lung cancer, and displayed overexpression of both Col XVII and laminin-5, had the worst prognosis of all expression types. Moreover, blockage of the Col XVII/laminin-5 pathway reduced the EMT phenotypes of lung CSCs in vitro and decreased the potential of lung metastasis in vivo. Our findings suggested that targeting Col XVII and laminin-5 could be novel therapeutic strategies for treating lung cancer patients, and warrant further investigation.