Reviews:
Advanced new strategies for metastatic cancer treatment by therapeutic stem cells and oncolytic virotherapy
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Abstract
Geon-Tae Park1 and Kyung-Chul Choi1,2
1 Laboratory of Biochemistry and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
2 TheraCell Bio & Science, Cheongju, Chungbuk, Republic of Korea
Correspondence to:
Kyung-Chul Choi, email: kchoi@cbu.ac.kr
Keywords: metastatic cancer, therapeutic stem cell, oncolytic virotherapy, cancer treatment
Received: April 15, 2016 Accepted: May 29, 2016 Published: August 02, 2016
Abstract
The field of therapeutic stem cell and oncolytic virotherapy for cancer treatment has rapidly expanded over the past decade. Oncolytic viruses constitute a promising new class of anticancer agent because of their ability to selectively infect and destroy tumor cells. Engineering of viruses to express anticancer genes and specific cancer targeting molecules has led to the use of these systems as a novel platform of metastatic cancer therapy. In addition, stem cells have a cancer specific migratory capacity, which is available for metastatic cancer targeting. Prodrug activating enzyme or anticancer cytokine expressing stem cells successfully inhibited the proliferation of cancer cells. Preclinical models have clearly demonstrated anticancer activity of these two platforms against a number of different cancer types and metastatic cancer. Several systems using therapeutic stem cells or oncolytic virus have entered clinical trials, and promising results have led to late stage clinical development. Consequently, metastatic cancer therapies using stem cells and oncolytic viruses are extremely promising. The following review will focus on the metastatic cancer targeting mechanism of therapeutic stem cells and oncolytic viruses, and potential challenges ahead for advancing the field.
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